This study examined the differences in power between characters in the 1920s Chinese textbook Zhi Na Yu Ji Cheng. To this end, we analyzed the assertives, directives, commissives and declaratives types of Searle‘s speech act types, and inferred the implications of indirect speech act. To examine the differences in power between characters, we categorized assertives as ’statements‘ and ’claiming‘ affirmative speech act, directives as ’upward‘, ’non-upward‘ directive speech act, and commissives as ’self-wanted‘ and ’other-wanted‘ commissive speech act. The analysis was able to derive the relative powers between characters within the conversation situation. People with strong power mainly used ’statements affirmatives‘, ’non-upward directives‘, and ’self-wanted commissives‘, while those with weak power mainly used the opposite. Indirect speech acts that are inconsistent with grammatical structure and linguistic function are also analyzed by examining relationships between implications and speakers. It is significant that in addition to the directives and declaratives that reveal power directly, also considered characteristics of the person’s power in other speech act types- assertives and commissives.

본 연구는 1920년대 중국어 교재인 『支那语集成』에서 나타나는 인물 간 권력의 차이를 화행분석을 통해 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 Searle의 화행 유형 중 단언형, 지시형, 언약형, 선언형 화행을 분석하고, 간접화행의 함축을 추론하였다. 권력의 차이를 살펴보기 위해 단언형은 진술형/주장형 단언, 지시형은 상향형/ 지시와 비상향형 지시, 언약형은 自愿형/他愿형 언약으로 분류하였다. 분석을 통해 대화 상황 내 상대적인 권력을 도출할 수 있었다. 권력이 직접 드러나는 지시화행과 선언화행 외에도 단언 화행이나, 언약화행의 인물의 권력에 따른 다른 특성을 고찰한 점이 본 연구의 의의라고 할 수 있다.